Structural colors are colors produced not by pigments, but by the physical structures of a material. These structures, often on a microscopic or nanoscopic scale, interact with light in a way that they selectively reflect certain wavelengths, causing the perception of color. This is seen in nature, for instance, in peacock feathers or butterfly wings. Structural coloration has several advantages over pigment-based colors, including higher resistance to fading and the ability to produce iridescent and metallic effects. Advances in nanotechnology and lithography are enabling the creation of artificial structural colors, opening up new possibilities in fields like textile design, display technology, and anti-counterfeiting measures.